Gilet Jaunes

Horizontalism: Reducing the Barriers for Activists and Foreign Interference

Horizontalism: Reducing the Barriers for Activists and Foreign Interference

On 10 December 2018, French President Emmanuel Macron delivered a public address in which he admitted fault and backtracked on policies introduced earlier that year regarding gas prices and minimum wage. It became the most viewed political speech in French history, with 23 million people having watched this rare admittance of defeat by Macron. This was a part of a series of concessions made to the Gilet Jaunes, or Yellow Vest, movement in France, whose decentralised protest style entered the zeitgeist once again and raised pertinent questions about the future of similar social movements, as evidence grows that other actors played a role in Macron capitulation.